Manusmriti In Tamil Pdf 187
Manusmriti in Tamil PDF: A Complete Guide to Hindu Law and Society
Manusmriti, also known as Manu Dharma Shastra or Manu Smriti, is one of the oldest and most influential Hindu law books. It contains the rules and regulations for various aspects of human life, such as rituals, ceremonies, duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtue, and morals. It is considered to be the first constitution for human society.
manusmriti in tamil pdf 187
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In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive overview of Manusmriti in Tamil PDF, its origin, its contents, its importance, and its benefits. We will also provide you with a link to download Manusmriti in Tamil PDF for free.
Origin of Manusmriti
Manusmriti is composed by Swayambhuva Manu, who is believed to be the first Manu or progenitor of mankind. According to Hindu scriptures, there are 14 Manus in total, who rule over different epochs or Manvantaras. Swayambhuva Manu is the Manas son of Brahma, the creator god.
According to some sources, Manusmriti was written around 9500 BC, making it about 10000 years old. However, some scholars date it to a later period, between 200 BC and 200 AD. The original text of Manusmriti was in Sanskrit, but it has been translated into various languages over time.
The first English translation of Manusmriti was done by Sir William Jones in 1794. He was a judge of the Calcutta High Court and a scholar of Oriental studies. He translated Manusmriti from a Persian version that was based on a Sanskrit commentary by Medhatithi.
Contents of Manusmriti
Manusmriti consists of 12 chapters or Adhyayas, which are further divided into 2685 to 2964 verses or Shlokas. The chapters cover various topics related to Hindu law and society. Here is a brief summary of each chapter:
The first chapter deals with the creation of the world and the origin of Manusmriti.
The second chapter describes the sixteen rites or Samskaras that Hindus should perform from birth to death.
The third chapter prescribes the rules for bathing, marriage, Shradh (funeral rites), etc.
The fourth chapter lays down the regulations for household life, donations, etc.
The fifth chapter discusses the defects in the consumption of meat, the twelve factors of purity, and the female religion.
The sixth chapter explains the four stages of life or Ashramas (student, householder, forest-dweller, and renunciant), and the ways to attain liberation or Moksha.
The seventh chapter defines the duties and responsibilities of the king and his ministers.
The eighth chapter outlines the methods of settling disputes and administering justice.
The ninth chapter deals with the rights and obligations of men and women, the caste system or Varna Vyavastha, and mixed castes or Jatis.
The tenth chapter enumerates the duties and qualifications of the four castes (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra).
The eleventh chapter lists the various sins and their expiations or Prayaschittas.
The twelfth chapter describes the nature of the soul or Atman, the cycle of rebirth or Samsara, and the means to attain salvation or Moksha.
Importance and Benefits of Manusmriti
Manusmriti is one of the most important sources of Hindu law and ethics. It provides a comprehensive framework for Hindu society and culture. It reflects the values and beliefs of ancient India and its civilization. It also influences many aspects of modern Hinduism.
Some of the benefits of reading Manusmriti are:
It helps you to understand the origin and evolution of Hindu law and society.
It teaches you about the various rites and rituals that Hindus should perform throughout their lives.
It guides you about the moral and ethical principles that Hindus should follow in their personal and social lives.
It enlightens you about the spiritual concepts and practices that Hindus should adopt to attain liberation from suffering.
Download Manusmriti in Tamil PDF
If you want to read Manusmriti in Tamil PDF format, you can download it from here for free. This is a complete translation of Manusmriti by Thiruloga Seetharama Iyer. It contains all the 12 chapters and verses of Manusmriti in Tamil language. It also has an introduction and a glossary of terms.
To download Manusmriti in Tamil PDF format, click on this link: https://www.pdfnotes.co/manusmriti-tamil/
Conclusion
Manusmriti is a valuable treasure of Hindu law and society. It is a book that every Hindu should read and study. It will help you to gain a deeper insight into your religion and culture. It will also help you to live a righteous and virtuous life.
We hope that this article has given you a comprehensive overview of Manusmriti in Tamil PDF format. If you have any questions or feedback, please feel free to comment below. Thank you for reading!
Criticism and Controversy of Manusmriti
Manusmriti has been criticized and condemned by many scholars and activists for its discriminatory and oppressive views on women, lower castes, and other marginalized groups. It has been accused of promoting patriarchy, casteism, sexism, violence, and injustice in Hindu society.
Some of the controversial verses of Manusmriti are:
"A woman is never fit for independence." (9.3)
"A Brahmana may take possession of the goods of a Shudra with perfect peace of mind." (8.417)
"If a man has intercourse with an unmarried woman, who consents to it, it is no offense, but he shall deck her with ornaments, worship her, and thus bring her to his house as his bride." (8.366)
"If a Shudra intentionally listens for committing to memory the Veda, then his ears should be filled with (molten) lead and lac; if he utters the Veda, then his tongue should be cut off." (8.270)
Many modern Hindus reject or reinterpret these verses as outdated or corrupted by later interpolations. They argue that Manusmriti is not a divine scripture, but a human-made document that reflects the social and historical context of its time. They also point out that there are other Hindu scriptures that promote equality, justice, and compassion for all beings.
Relevance and Influence of Manusmriti
Despite its criticism and controversy, Manusmriti remains a relevant and influential source of Hindu law and society. It has been cited and used by various courts, governments, and institutions in India and abroad. It has also inspired many movements and reforms in Hinduism and India.
Some of the examples of the relevance and influence of Manusmriti are:
The British colonial administration used Manusmriti as a basis for codifying Hindu law in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The Indian Constitution adopted many principles and provisions from Manusmriti, such as the abolition of untouchability, the protection of animals, and the promotion of education.
The Hindu Code Bills of 1955-56, which reformed Hindu personal law on marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc., were largely based on Manusmriti.
The Dalit movement led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar challenged the caste system and discrimination prescribed by Manusmriti. He publicly burned a copy of Manusmriti in 1927 as a symbol of protest.
The women's movement in India demanded equal rights and dignity for women as opposed to the patriarchal norms of Manusmriti.
Thus, Manusmriti is a complex and controversial text that has shaped Hindu law and society for centuries. It is a text that needs to be read critically and contextually, with an awareness of its strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusion
Manusmriti is a valuable treasure of Hindu law and society. It is a book that every Hindu should read and study. It will help you to gain a deeper insight into your religion and culture. It will also help you to live a righteous and virtuous life.
We hope that this article has given you a comprehensive overview of Manusmriti in Tamil PDF format. If you have any questions or feedback, please feel free to comment below. Thank you for reading! 6c859133af